Full Body Scanners Do Not Lead to Safer Travel Essays -- Airport Secur

Why should anyone including my 3-year-old daughter unnecessarily be exposed to cancer causing X-ray beams in a full body scanner? Or have a total stranger run his or her hands up and down my daughter's body for a full pat-down upon refusing the scan? Most enraging is that the scan can be done without my knowledge. Full body scanners should not be used in United States airports. The Transportation Security Administration (TSA), on November 20, 2010 implemented the use of 385 scanners, otherwise know as advanced imaging technology in 68 airports to include Denver International Airport. The TSA is using these machines supposedly to ensure safer travel and be steps ahead of security threats. According to the TSA, as a preventive measure, scanners where rapidly deployed after Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab's failed attempt at blowing up an aircraft with pentaerythritol tetranitrate, or PETN sewn in his underwear December 25, 2009. Former Homeland Security chief Michael Chertoff claimed that if Abdulmutallab had gone through screening or a full pat-down, the explosives would have been discovered (Eggen, DeYoung and Hsu 2). The TSA also claims that not all explosives or explosive devices can be detected through metal detectors. The scanner machines cannot detect explosives such as the type that Abdulmutallab had concealed. Abdullah Ansieri had a detonator and explosives hidden in his rectum when he tried to kill Saudi Arabia's counter-terrorism chief, Prince Mohammed bin Nayef. Ansieri was Saudi's most wanted man and managed to get through two rigorous airport screenings and Saudi Secret Service, who defend royals by any means necessary. Professor Clive Williams a counter-terrorism expert of the Australian National University said the mac... ...he-real-radiation-risk-of-the-tsas-full-body-x-ray-scans/> 5. Bell, Jason. â€Å"Review of the TSA X-ray backscatter body scanner safety report: hide your kids, hide your wife.† My Helical Tryst, blogspot.com, 22 Nov 2010. Web. 1 Dec 2010. 6. â€Å"You asked for it...You got it, Millimeter Wave images.† blog.tsa.gov. TSA 09 May 2008. Web. 1 Dec 2010. . 7. "Are Full Body Scan Images Saved? Issue Challenged In Federal Court...† wgrz, Buffalo, 06 Aug 2010. Web. 1 Dec 2010. . 8. Meserve, Jeanne, and Mike M. Ahlers. â€Å"Body scanners can store, send images, group says.† CNN 11 Jan 2010: 1. Web. ! Dec 2010.

Instructional Objectives Essay

Instructional objectives may also be called performance objectives, behavioural objectives, or simply objectives. All of these terms are used interchangeably. Objectives are specific, outcome based, measurable, and describe the learner’s behaviour after instruction. Instructional objectives serve as goals that teachers have set in the achievement of a greater goal. They also tell students what is expected of them. Instructional objectives make definite the direction in which teaching leads and become the focus of instruction, not only for the teachers, but also for the students. Without instructional objectives teaching is comparable to a fallen leaf whose destination is dependent on the will of the wind. Without instructional objectives, teachers will have nothing to follow in order to achieve what it should achieve. A well-written objective should meet the following criteria; describe a learning outcome, be student oriented, be observable or describe an observable product. A well-written objective should describe a learning outcome. It should not describe a learning activity. Learning activities are important in planning and guiding instruction but they are not to be confused with instructional objectives. A student-oriented objective focuses on the learner, not on the teacher. It describes what the learner will be expected to be able to do. It should not describe a teacher activity. It may be helpful to both the teacher and the student to know what the teacher is going to do but teacher activities are also not to be confused with instructional objectives. If an instructional objective is not observable, it leads to unclear expectations and it will be difficult to determine whether or not it had been reached. The key to writing observable objectives is to use verbs that are observable and lead to a well defined product of the action implied by that verb. Verbs such as â€Å"to know,† â€Å"to understand,† â€Å"to enjoy,† â€Å"to appreciate,† â€Å"to realize,† and â€Å"to value† are vague and not observable. Verbs such as â€Å"to identify,† â€Å"to list,† â€Å"to select,† â€Å"to compute,† â€Å"to predict,† and â€Å"to analyze† are explicit and describe observable actions or actions that lead to observable products. For an instruction to be useful, an objective must not only be well written but it also must meet the following criteria: be sequentially appropriate, be attainable within a reasonable amount of time, be developmentally appropriate. For an objective to be sequentially appropriate it must occur in an appropriate place in the instructional sequence. All prerequisite objectives must already have been attained. Nothing thwarts the learning process more than having learners trying to accomplish an objective before they have learned the necessary prerequisites. This is why continuous assessment of student progress is so important. A useful objective is attainable within a reasonable time. If an instructional objective takes students an inordinately long time to accomplish, it is either sequentially inappropriate or it is too broad, relying on the accomplishment of several outcomes or skills rather than a single outcome or skill. An objective should set expectations for a single learning outcome and not a cluster of them. Instructional objectives are often classified according to the kind or level of learning that is required in order to reach them. There are numerous taxonomies of instructional objectives; the most common taxonomy was developed by Benjamin Bloom and his colleagues. The first level of the taxonomy divides objectives into three categories: cognitive, affective, and psychomotor. Simply put, cognitive objectives focus on the mind; affective objectives focus on emotions or affect; and psychomotor objectives focus on the body. Cognitive objectives call for outcomes of mental activity such as memorizing, reading, problem solving, analyzing, synthesizing, and drawing conclusions. Bloom and others further categorize cognitive objectives into various levels from the simplest cognitive tasks to the most complex cognitive task. These categories can be helpful when trying to order objectives so they are sequentially appropriate. This helps to insure that prerequisite outcomes are accomplished first. Affective objectives focus on emotions. Whenever a person seeks to learn to react in an appropriate way emotionally, there is some thinking going on. What distinguishes affective objectives from cognitive objectives is the fact that the goal of affective objectives is some kind of affective behavior or the product of an affect (e. g. , an attitude). The goal of cognitive objectives, on the other hand, is some kind of cognitive response or the product of a cognitive response (e. g. , a problem solved). Psychomotor objectives focus on the body and the goal of these objectives is the control or manipulation of the muscular skeletal system or some part of it (e. g. , dancing, writing, tumbling, passing a ball, and drawing). All skills requiring fine or gross motor coordination fall into the psychomotor category. To learn a motor skill requires some cognition. However, the ultimate goal is not the cognitive aspects of the skill such as memorizing the steps to take. The ultimate goal is the control of muscles or muscle groups. The following are the importance of instructional objectives in teaching I. C. T Firstly, Instructional objectives are of immense significance in today’s education process. They provide organizers of the process with the opportunity to delve into learners mind and know where they are heading. Instructional objectives provide teachers the opportunity to design proper assessment procedure through tests and evaluation. Students know what they are supposed to do, use before or after a particular class. Instructional objectives also help trace the amount of change that has been brought about in a student. It gives a definite direction to the whole teaching-learning and evaluation process of a particular class in classroom situations. It also helps both the teacher as well as students in determining particular educational goals and enables them to focus their attention on specific learning activities to achieve those goals. Through instructional objectives – the organizers of educational process can determine the resources, course materials, curricular and co-curricular activities, relevant contents and references etc. which are so vital to make the process functional. Instructional objectives also lead the teacher into discovering the best learning situations, strength and weaknesses of the prevalent learning process, level of growth and development of learners through a pre-determined evaluation process. In short, instructional objectives help in monitoring and evaluating the whole educational process in minute details.

Crime in Context Free Essay Example, 2000 words

There could be several reasons for doing this. Among these include having greater profit, managing the uncertainty in the market, having lower costs to the company, or putting the rival out of business. Other reasons include pollution of the environment, engaging in financial fraud, manipulation, fixing prices, creating and maintaining work conditions which are hazardous to the employees, producing and unsafe products knowingly. The list could go on along this line. This offense have been empirically shown to be linked to the organizations perceptions of their needs such as pressures and strains brought about the decline and growth. Managers adapts to the reality under different conditions of munificence and scarcity. Actually, the decision to be involved in a corporate crime has nothing to do with personal needs. Rather, it has mainly a lot to do with organizational contingencies, priorities and needs. That is why corporate crime must be distinguished from embezzlement. Embezzlemen t, though similar in some way to corporate crime in the sense that there could also be stealing involved, is caused by a persons illegal response to personal needs such as family considerations, indebtedness, perception of that a personal problem cannot be shared, greed, and revenge. We will write a custom essay sample on Crime in Context or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now (Cressey 1953, 12). In embezzlement, it can be readily seen that the victim is actually the organization. For corporate crime, however, many victims are produced such as the government, other companies, the environment, employees and the consumers. In other words, the company itself is not victimized directly. Therefore, when one talks of corporate crime, it is assumed that it is within an organizational contexts. Moreover, one would note that there is also involved is an organization with all its highly specialized positions. Thus, it can be readily noted that the crime done is autonomous but the way it was done was interactive and team-dependent. (Simpson 2002, 8) Some Examples of Corporate Crime In order to understand corporate crime better, here are some illustrations provided by Benson and Cullen (1998, 3-4). The first example happened on November 10, 1998 in Milwaukee. Wisconsin. Alarm sounded due to the presence of methane gas in the tunnel. A machine boring tunnel for the new sewer system automatically shut down at the this. Every one evacuated excep Tony Bell, Ron Kohne, and Rich Sochachki who reluctantly ordered the order of the project manager to go back into the tunnel. On their way, however, flames exploded and the three were incinerated.

Essay on The Myths of the African American Woman - 2628 Words

Defying the Myths of the African American Woman - Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, Song of Solomon, and Push Throughout slavery, myths were created about African American women. These myths of yesterday have tainted the image of the African American woman today. These myths include two major ideas, the first being that all African American women are perceived as more promiscuous than the average white woman. The second myth is that black women are virtually useless, containing only the capabilities of working in white homes and raising white children. These myths caused these women to be degraded in the eyes of others as well as themselves. Harriet Jacobs, Toni Morrison, and Sapphire are three African American†¦show more content†¦Meantime, her mother is no help; beating her at will, and satisfying her own bizarre sexual needs from her daughter. Schools have also all failed her; teachers find her ``uncooperative, and she considers her last a ``retarded hoe. Finally, Precious enrolls in a Harlem alternative school where she begins the tough climb out of illiteracy. No longer dreaming impossible ideas about rappers and movie star fame, she joins six others in a basic-skills class run by Blue Rain, a self-proclaimed lesbian who isnt afraid to editorialize in class. In short order, Precious discovers the joys of the alphabet and journal-writing, the pleasures of owning books and composing poetry. Although she raises herself to a seventh-grade level by narratives end, she also finds out shes HIV positive. Ms. Blue Rain, pushes Precious to change with encouragement and inspiration. Ms. Rain challenges Precious to learn to read and write and improve her way of life. She proves to be the bedrock teacher Precious has desperately needed. The name Blue Rain paints an image of a tranquil and pure person. Blue is a color which often symbolizes tranquility as Rain symbolizes freshness, thus purity. Ms. Rains soul is indeed as pure and tranquil as an afternoon rain shower. She is cleansing to Preciouss spirit when she encourages her to take on a new world; literacy. Preciouss pursuit of literacy and then college defies theShow MoreRelatedAn Inside Look at Melissa Harris-Perry Essay1597 Words   |  7 PagesMelissa Harris-Perry analyzes the myths surrounding black women and the implication that correlate with these myths. Perry focuses on three main stereotypes of black women that began with slavery and are still prevalent in society today. Perry not only examines the depth and causes of these stereotypes, but she also scrutinizes their role in African Americans lives as citizens today. Black women today are not only separated from society outside of the African American community, but there are also existingRead MoreMardi Gras Essay788 Words   |  4 Pagesand white individuals in the community, the forced segregation between the two Mardi Gras groups, and the restrictions put on people of African descent from being a part of the MCA parade unless they were a worker or dancer as revealed by the documentary â€Å"Order of Myths.† Today, the separate Mardi Gras groups between the African-American (MAMGA) and White-American (MCA) individuals is one of the most obvious issues of racism of Mardi Gras within Mobile, Alabama as it creates a divide between two racialRead MoreAfrican American Women : An Examination Of Female Slavery1204 Words   |  5 Pages African-American women have been neglected historical recognition during the primitive and the final stages of North American slavery. Historians like Stanley Elkins, John Blassingame, Robert Fogel, Stanley Engerman, Eugene Genovese, and Herbert Gutman have had a profound influence on research that uncovers the experiences of slaves in the antebellum South. Yet, these historians have only done so through the centered analysis of enslaved black men – this review will focus on two stereotypes andRead MoreBlack Macho The Myth Of The Superwoman1139 Words   |  5 Pagesexcerpt â€Å"Black Macho the Myth of the Superwoman† explained the myth of the Black Superwoman: A woman who has immoderate strength and is stronger emotionally than most men. The Black Autonomist movement, she said, viewed women as one of the main reasons the black man had never been properly able to take hold of his situation in this country and how the black man has not really kept his part of the bargai n they made in the sixties during the fight for equality. 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Among them, the history book Ar’n’t I a Woman is a highly readable work, and the author Debra Gray White focuses her attention exclusively on the place where these two subjects intersect (sex and gender). The source material that is in the book is very interesting, andRead MoreAmerican Institutional And Intellectual Life Essay1455 Words   |  6 Pagesinstitution of slavery destroyed African culture in America, and whether it reduced slaves to a child-like state of dependency and incompetence. Anthropologist Melville Herskovits, and historian Stanley Elkins both weigh in on this debate: Herskovits with, The Myth of the Negro Past, and Elkins with, Slavery: A Problem in American Institutional and Intellectual Life. In, Slavery: A Problem in American Institutional and Intel lectual Life, Elkins asserts that African culture was all but destroyed byRead MoreThe Fruits Of Her Labor1445 Words   |  6 PagesThe Fruits of Her Labor: Female African Slavery From the signing of the Declaration of Independence to the Civil War and the addition of the Thirteenth Amendment (December 1865), there existed a legal or economic system under which people were treated as property in the United States. This system is universally known as slavery and it victims, Western African and their decedents. From July 1776 to December 1865, it was legal and morally accepted by some to own another human being. This system becomeRead MoreKingfisher Essay1281 Words   |  6 Pageswere frequently overshadowed and ultimately faded until all that remained was the collection of negative presumptions associated with the Sapphire and the myth of the â€Å"angry black woman.† The generally agreed upon stereotypes of the Sapphire are never positive. The Sapphire has been described as â€Å"the wise-cracking, balls-crushing, emasculating woman, [who] is usually shown with her hands on her hips and her head thrown back as she lets everyone know whos boss.† Similarly, Sapphire has been characterizedRead MoreIn The United States, Not Only Are Latin Women Being Misunderstood,1508 Words   |  7 Pagesmisunderstood, but African American women are also stereotyped by other people. Latin women are discriminated in their dressing and service occupations, while African American Americans are stereotyped in sexually promiscuous, caregiving role, and â€Å"welfare queens.† Both of them are victims of racial stereotypes, which affect them negatively on their identities and characteristics. However, the differentiation of their cultures makes them being stereotyped in distinct aspects. Some of African American women’s

The Ethics Of The Enron Scandal - 1441 Words

The definition of ethics is living one s life according to right or wrong behavior both towards others and themselves (Ghillyer, 2014). How a person derived to their beliefs of right or wrong is a direct reflection of several factors such as; family upbringing, and religious dynamics. Each of these characteristics plays a major role in the direct choices a person will make in their day to day lives. While some people can stand by their personal beliefs regardless of the situation, there are some who are heavily influenced by others. However, in the business world, the influence of power and money has cost people their livelihoods as well as compromised their self-dignity on many levels. One highly publicized scandal that many have known and read about is the Enron Scandal. The motive behind what a person will do remains endless as it is seen in this unfortunate tale of lies and greed in one corporation. The part that many question even to this day is when the story unfolded it was announced that several people in high positions were all aware of the unethical practices being done but, all decided to turn a blind eye. In the next few paragraphs, we will look at the events that led up to the fall of a company that was at the height of its growth and how all of that would change within minutes. Undoubtedly the Enron scandal will be one incident that will be spoken of amongst big corporations and financial institutes for a long time. Many have asked the question, who wasShow MoreRelatedThe Ethics Of Enron Scandal1017 Words   |  5 PagesThe Dilemma Often an ethical dilemma does not appear abruptly but can rather be the proverbial slow boiling of a frog as they say. Enron was an economic powerhouse in the early to late 90’s. Its financial success was due to a great understanding of the opportunities available in the energy market due to deregulation across the country. The company was founded on sound financial principles which turned to illegal recklessness over time. Key personnel succumbed to unethical pressures which built upRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Enron Scandal1902 Words   |  8 Pages Ethical Scrapbook In the three excerpts that will be discussed in this report there is a theme. That theme is ethics or the lack there of. What all three of these cases have in common is that people were willing to trade in their reputations, their livelihood and in some cases their personal freedom to get what they wanted. In two of the examples, the prize they sought was money, pure and simply a case of greed. Importantly, these people already had significant wealth, and they were willing toRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Enron Scandal861 Words   |  4 Pagesfiled for bankruptcy. Enron, a seemingly invulnerable company would eventually provoke sweeping changes in regulation that controls the management and accounting of public companies even to this day. The Enron scandal has come to be known as one of the prime audit failures of all time and serves as a classic example of corporate greed and corruption. However, for the generation that watched in horror as corporations such as Enron fell along with t he stock market, this scandal is slowly becoming justRead MoreBusiness Ethics : Enron Scandal1951 Words   |  8 PagesBusiness ethics have been the central concern of all corporations in operating business. Enron scandal was the highlighted case representing the dramatic violation of business ethics with the involvement of misusing power to conduct unethical missteps to gain self-interest, resulting in a collapse of the whole organization. This report is aimed at assessing Enron case to provide better understanding of its rise and fall through the background of the company’s formation and bankruptcy as well as applyingRead MoreEthics in Accounting1196 Words   |  5 PagesEthics in Accounting By Pace University – New York Accounting for Decision Making, MBA 640 Fall 2011 Required Research Paper Page 1 of 11 Table of Contents Number Content Page Number 1 Introduction 3 2 Ethics in Accounting 4 3 Enron Scandal 6 4 Satyam Scandal 8 5 Conclusion 10 6 References 11 Page 2 of 11 Introduction †¢ What is â€Å"Ethics†? Ethics, also known as moral philosophy, is a branch of philosophy that addresses questionsRead MoreEthics Standards And The Field Of Accounting950 Words   |  4 PagesProfessional ethics are an absolute necessity in the field of accounting. Businesses rely on accountants to accurately report their financial information and give sound advise and consultation in regards to their business. There are standards and rules set in place to ensure that ethics and information is reported accurately. Laws and repercussions are created place to deter unethical and illegal accounting practices, although it still occurs in the business world on many levels. The field ofRead MoreWhat I Learned from Studying the Rise and Fall of Enron693 Words   |  3 Pagesand no need for regulations. But this is not an ideal world and these problems happen every day. The business world is not exempt from this problem. Many businesses rely on ethics to help guide their company successfully. Our textbook Business Ethics: How to Design and Manage Ethical Organizations Denis Collins defines ethics as, â€Å"the set of principles a person uses to determine whether an action is good or bad† (5). All over the world there are businesses that take part in unethical behavior forRead MoreJaclyn Givens. Kathy Osburn. Management 101. 5/8/17. The1400 Words   |  6 PagesJaclyn Givens Kathy Osburn Management 101 5/8/17 The Enron Era â€Å"Just as character matters in people, it matters in organizations,† says Justin Schultz, a corporate psychologist in Denver. The Enron scandal had a big exposure in 2001 confirming the big secret to the increase in billions. In July 1985, Enron formed the merger of Houston Natural Gas and Omaha-based Inter North. The Enron corporation was an American energy company based in Houston Texas. The corporation’s catastrophe in 2001 signifiesRead MoreEnron Essay1433 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Causes and Effects of the Enron Accounting Scandals Name: Do Minh Tam Class: MEP 100 Lecture: Karen Bird Date: December 24, 2010 Introduction Background From the 1980s until now, there have been a lot of accounting scandals which were widely announced on by media. The result of this situation is many companies were bankruptcy protection requests, and closing. One of the most widely reported emulation of accounting scandals is Enron Company. Enron Corporation is one of the largestRead MoreEnron and Worldcom Case Study1225 Words   |  5 PagesEnron and WorldCom Case Study This report is based on the demise of Enron Corporation and WorldCom. Both the firms are demised due to the ethical lapses. These ethical lapses come into existence when managements of the firm, uses unethical practices to accomplish the goals of the firm. Maintaining financial and accounting standards in the business practices are necessary. The profession of accounting has become a mockery due to the accounting scandals that took place all over the world in the

Big Black Good Man Free Essays

Big Black good Man and Battle Royal I believe Richard Wright’s story â€Å"Big Black Good Man† was written in a time when racial prejudice was a major factor in society. In Today’s society we still have racial prejudice, but it is not as strong as back then. The point in which Richard Wright wanted to get by writing this story is that people should â€Å"never judge others by their race†. We will write a custom essay sample on Big Black Good Man or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the story, Olaf mentioned Jim was not the first black man he serviced, but he started to make drama of Jim’s behaviors in his head. I think Olaf was the type of person who is ignoring that he is a racist but he actually is one.This was the most important point that Richard Wright was trying to make. This story is focusing more on characters. There were two characters, which responded very differently to the black man. Olaf, whom was working in a hotel for guest services, has an average life, average job and also average thinking. Based on the story Olaf is a type of man that is happy with his life and lifestyle and respects others the way they are. Although, as soon as it comes to big black man who enters the hotel every thing about him suddenly changes, some unexpected fear surrounds him. However, every day of Jims stays in the hotel Olaf would gain more fears of a big black man. In his mind, Jim is a big, black, loud and violent man that wants to kill him. On the other hand, Lena responded very differently to the black man. Based on the story, Lena was poor and wiling to do anything such as prostituting to earn money, in order to take care of her four children. Even at the arguments she had with Olaf, she mentioned that he is just another man with manly needs â€Å"He’s just a man†¦I handle ‘im. † She was seeing his as an ordinary man who had good money and wants her; of course it was no fear of him to her conflicting than Olaf.She was called to Jim’s room every night and she was willing to continue. I believe she wouldn’t care if he is black or if he is big, all that matters was the reality of Jim as a man who has money to lead her for taking care of her children. They also ended up liking each other, and started dating and at the end of the story Jim was thankful to Olaf as well. Lena stopped prostituting and making love with Jim; she must have seen him as a good man so she was willing to drop her income. On the other hand, when the story ends Olaf realized Jim was not a violent and harsh man he actually is a big black good man.In addition, when it comes to comparing we can compare â€Å"Big Black good Man† by Richard and â€Å"Battle Royal† by Ralph Ellison. The point in which both narrators wanted to make was the fact of differences in race and struggling of being different. â€Å"Battle Royal† is about young African American who is ? struggling to have a place in their society. It was kind of hard for people back then to deal with this situation and it was also hard for black people to get into white society. It was all about equality and identity, which they did not have, back then.However, this story was written in 1947, black society in the U. S. was struggling to find an identity for itself separate from the unfair force accrued by a white culture. Ellison uses the theme of blindness throughout the story as he describes the relations between the narrator and the characters in the story. The paper describes the story, beginning with a strange type of the death of the narrator’s grandfather and the advice he gave him about life and how to behave as a black man. Grandfather’s advice leads the whole story making narrator to fallow his advice and using it trough his life.In the story, young black boy struggle to get ahead in a predominately white society, he wanted to reach this goal in using his grandfathers advice. His grandfather told him to â€Å"live with your head in the lion’s mouth. I want you to overcome ‘em with yeses, undermine ‘em with grins, agree ‘em to death and destruction, let ‘em swoller you till they vomit or bust wide open†. I believe his grandfather was trying to tell him to conform to the white people. The whole story shows his struggle and hardships his taking to reach his goal by fallowing grandpa’s advice.At the end of the story he also gives out a successful speech of this advice at his graduation. In conclusion, throughout time racism has been the cause of millions of deaths. In early centires racial prejudice was a major factor in society, now we see less racial prejudice. So many people still struggling because of racist people and some people are hiding their racisom. In both stories authors are trying to tell audiences stop judging people by their look, color and culture, there is absolutely no different between white and black it’s just a color. Human is a human and life goes on with all differences in people. How to cite Big Black Good Man, Papers

Committee on Corporations and Financial Services †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Committee on Corporations and Financial Services. Answer: Introduction: The role of a responsible manager is that of competence. In simple words, they are specifically responsible for overseeing the offering of credit or financial services and managing them as well. As responsible managers, they are directly associated with decision making that pertains to every day and decision making regarding the financial services provision. In terms of group, they have the desired knowledge, as well as skills for the financial services as well as product and specifically meet one of the five option for providing desired skills and knowledge (FOS, 2017). Furthermore, ASIC also expects that such responsible managers are able to play an active part in fostering a culture of compliance in the whole industry. This means that responsible managers are also liable to operate as major players in the compliance arrangements of businesses. Nevertheless, apart from such responsibilities, they also have to undergo ongoing training requirements in order to become competent to offer financial services (Deegan, 2011). There are five options for illustrating their adequate skills and knowledge out of which one requirement must be met: Individual assessment APRA standard or relevant industry Short industry course or university degree Product-specific or industry diploma Other knowledge and skills ( reflecting knowledge, as well as skills) Paul and Ivy being the responsible managers of Big Money Ltd are responsible in performing various supervision and monitoring processes upon their authorized representatives, directors, and employees to make sure that such representatives are properly complying with the financial services laws including license conditions. In relation to this, they can consider processes like keeping track of the representatives, what kind of role they are entrusted to perform, and whether they are properly authorized or not (Wood Sangster, 2005). Furthermore, they can also make sure that their employee (Fred) does not act outside the scope of what he has been authorized to do so (FOS, 2017). Furthermore, various training standards are also set out by ASIC in this regard wherein representatives who offer financial advice to retail clients are under an obligation to obtain such standards (Conifer, 2016). The standard step by step process that is traced within the standard AS4811:2006 as a model for the screening of the employment is as follows: Assessment of risk the role, as well as potential risk that is present in the role Resting on the feature and the role, the adoption for the recruitment policy must be done and the desired criteria must be set (FOS, 2017). An advertisement must be done for the position and the short listing must be done. An efficient check should be conducted by the organization that pertains to identify checks, bankruptcy check, etc. The suitability must be determined in a proper manner. Financial Services Guide must be offered to the clients as soon as possible by the offering entities after it becomes clear that the financial service will be, or is more likely to be offered to the client. In other words, an FSG must be distributed to the client before provision of financial service to them, however, in some instances, it may be offered after provision of financial service (FOS, 2017). In the given scenario, the content requirements of the financial services guide are as follows: The title naming Financial Services Guide near or at the front of the document. The date of the FSG. Contact details and name of the offering entity and if the entity has an AFL license, then the license number must also be disclosed. Relevant information about the types of financial services that the AFL entity (Big Money) is authorized to offer. A statement of the objective of the guide and significant information about other disclosure documents that the client can obtain. Proper information about the commission, remuneration, and other benefits that the offering entity will obtain, or reasonably expects to obtain. Efficient details of any relationships that may influence the offering entity in offering the financial advice. In the given case, a referral arrangement has been established by Ivy with a nearby accounting practice Nimble Numbers Pty Ltd. Such information must form part of the FSG (Lai et. al, 2013). Relevant details of the type of compensation agreement that the offering entity (Big Money) or authorized AFS Licensee has whether through advice associated with indemnity insurance or otherwise. It must also be disclosed whether advice related to insurance coverage, retirement planning, etc offered to Keith (friend of Fred) comply with Compensation and Insurance Arrangements for AFS Licensees or not. Details regarding where the offering entity is a player in a licensed market or a settlement and clearing facility. Furthermore, a statement to this effect must also be incorporated in the financial services guide. Hence, these points must form part of the financial services guide of Big Money Ltd and it must be distributed to the clients before provision of financial services to the clients. It can be seen in the given scenario that Paul and Fred are under an obligation to provide personal financial product advice to the clients. Such advice is a statement of opinion or a recommendation that can influence the decision-making capability of a person about a specific financial product, or a class of products, or interest in a specific financial product or class of products. Under Australian Law, all financial product advice is either general or personal advice. Personal product advice is provided to a person wherein the person offering it considers one or more objectives, requirements, and financial condition of the client. Apart from such advice, all other advice is termed as general advice under Corporations Act (Lai et. al, 2013). Paul and Fred have a position of fiduciary relationship that is a relationship of trust where the party that has a higher knowledge capacity of training owes a duty to act in the partys best interest that does not contain the same knowledge. Fu rther, they should act in the client best interest when providing advice to the retail client. Act in the clients best interest (section 961B) To give appropriate advice (section 961G) To alert the client if advice dwells on incomplete or information that is inaccurate in nature (section 961H) Giving priority to the interest of the client (section 961J) If a person (Paul and Fred) carries out the activity of offering such advice, they directly adhere to the Corporations Act and unless an exemption is applicable, they must hold an AFS license or perform as a representative of an AFS licensee. They must also perform several other duties associated with specific disclosure and conduct obligations. Firstly, they must ensure that a general advice warning is offered to the client. Secondly, they must ensure that they prepare and provide a financial services guide to their clients. Thirdly, they must also prepare and provide an SOA to the clients for fulfilling their duties. Fourthly, they must perform in the best interests of the client so that personal advice is not hampered. Fifthly, they are under an obligation to warn the client if the personal advice rendered by them is not accurate or incomplete in nature. Lastly, they must also ensure that the clients interests are prioritized while performing their duties. For instance, if the mai n business of an entity is to offer financial products and advice, it may deal with a wide range of products and services that incorporate a high range of staff (IFA, 2017). During communication through a phone call, the client may request personal financial product advice from the providing entity and without offering a warning or indication, the advice must not be given to the client. Similarly, provision of advice by Paul and Fred in relation to the planning of retirement, life insurance, etc can be given if the information is either complete or if it is incomplete, then disclosure regarding the same has been offered to the client (Keith). Besides, Paul and Fred must offer general advice warning to the clients as well so that there is no dispute of interest within them. Secondly, since Paul and Fred have contractual obligations with their clients, breaking them does not mean a breach of other general obligations as well, but it can amount to a failure to offer financial services to the client honestly, effectively, and fairly. These practical examples demonstrate that since there has been no breach of contract between Paul and his clients, the duties from his side are fulfilled effectively. This is the fiduciary relationship between an insurance agent and his client just like a trust relationship between Paul and Fred. Section 961(B) provides a safe labor for the compliance with the best interest duty in S961B(1). If Paul and Fred can show that the necessary steps stated in S961B(2) were taken then they will be deemed to have complied with the duty of the best interest. It is needed by the safe harbour to: Trace the aims, financial perspective and the requirement of the client that were provided by the client by way of instructions. Secondly, it needs to identify the matter of the advice that is needed by the client. Thirdly, the requirements, objectives of the client is required to be ascertained. If it is complete that the information that relates to the situation of the client is not proper then proper queries is needed to be obtained. The practical example can be cited that of the insurance agent and the client. There consists a fiduciary link in operation where the insurance agent has the role on providing advice, putting best interest in client while dealing with the clients financial transaction. In this scenario, the clients have complete confidence in the agent that links to the performance of a transaction that is correct and lawful. In the given scenario, Big Money Ltd has some responsibilities that must be fulfilled in order to comply with the Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorism Financing Act 2006. Firstly, Big Money Ltd as a responsible entity has the obligation to conduct know your staff risk-associated due diligence interrogations and inquiries so that probabilities of money laundering are eliminated at the first stage itself (Jonsson et. al, 2009). Furthermore, it is also advisable that Big Money meets additional but complimentary statutory obligations to implement policies and procedures to decrease the risk of money laundering. Besides, the role of internal control mechanisms also plays a key role in reducing chances of money laundering within the company (Goodwin et. al, 2008). It is also advisable that Big Money Ltd offers overall responsibility of such anti-money laundering system to a senior director or manager who can perform every task in order to mitigate risks effectively (Wahlen et.a l, 2 010). Furthermore, the appointment of a money laundering reporting officer must also be done so that the entitys compliance with its anti-money laundering obligations are directly supervised and controlled. Based on the given scenario, it can be seen that the managed investment scheme intended to be operated by Balderdash must be registered. The registration process entails that the company must be a public company with at least three directors and has more than twenty members. Furthermore, both wholesale and retail clients must form part of the scheme (Petersen Plenborg, 2012). The scheme must also comply with the Corporations Act that imposes specific requirements related to funding management. Furthermore, the scheme was promoted by an individual or associate of individual who was in the business of promoting such scheme (Damodaran, 2012). Moreover, in relation to the establishment requirements of the scheme, all the essential documents must be lodged with the ASIC by the company in order to get registered. In relation to the scheme, the roles and responsibilities of Balderdash would be to act as a responsible entity and exercise a reasonable level of diligence and care while performing its duties for the fulfillment of the scheme. Furthermore, the company since holds an Australian Financial Services Licence, it must take into account that the interest of the members of the investment scheme is duly safeguarded. Besides, the company must also exercise necessary steps to make sure that all the members of the scheme are treated equally and there is no discrimination among them (Penman, 2013). Furthermore, the company must also make sure that all the funds related to the scheme are utilized for specified purposes and are not used for fraudulent means (Fields, 2011). Therefore, Balderdash must act honestly in such a manner that its members, clients, and funds are properly safeguarded. Under the Corporations Act 2001, responsible entities like Balderdash is not responsible to establish a compliance committee for the managed investment scheme for which it operates. The reason behind this can be attributed to the fact that when less than half of the directors of such responsible entity are external directors, then only such entity is liable to form a compliance committee. Nevertheless, in this given case, it can be seen that majority of the directors are non-executive or external directors that do not align with the aforesaid criteria, thereby proving that the entity is not required to form a compliance committee for its managed investment scheme. When a fund is illiquid in a managed investment scheme, it is advisable for the Board to ensure that the investors are made aware of the capability of the fund to realize assets in an appropriate and timely manner (Choi Meek, 2011). Furthermore, the Board must also disclose to the investor's relevant details regarding the risks of such illiquid classes of assets. Moreover, under stressed market environment, such disclosure regarding illiquidity of fund becomes more significant because investors rely on such information to make proper investment decisions (Davies Crawford, 2012). The most important purpose of the constitution of a managed investment scheme is that it can ensure that the scheme registered with the ASIC easily meets certain requirements of the Corporations Act. Furthermore, a constitution of such scheme purposes to serve as a legally enforceable document betwixt the responsible entity and its members by setting out few or all the rights, liabilities, and duties of the responsible entity in relation to the scheme (Damodaran, 2010). The major requirements forming part of the constitution are: Powers of the responsible entity in relation to investments or dealing with the property of the scheme, raising or borrowing of money for the same purpose. Rights of members to terminate or withdraw from the scheme. Methods for dealing with issues associated with the scheme. Winding up the scheme. Consideration in order to acquire an interest in the scheme. Rights of the responsible entity to be indemnified or paid fees out of the property of the scheme. All these requirements forming part of the constitution of the scheme are taken into account by the Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC). Nevertheless, it is clear that if the requirements of the constitution are not properly aligned with the Corporations Act, then the constitution will not be approved by the ASIC (Kell et. al, 2016). Moreover, there are various guidelines as to the assessment of such constitution by the ASIC that includes asking for more information, amendment, refusal to register the scheme, etc. References Choi, R.D Meek, G.K. (2011). International accounting. Pearson. Conifer, D. (2016). Bank inquiry: Parliamentary committee calls for tribunal to be established. Accessed November 28, 2017 from https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-11-24/parliamentary-committee-calls-for-banking-tribunal-after-inquiry/8053514 Damodaran, A. (2010). Applied Corporate Finance: A Users Manual. New York: John Wiley Damodaran, A. (2012). Investment Valuation. New York: John Wiley Sons. Davies, T Crawford, I. (2012). Financial accounting. Harlow, England: Pearson. Deegan, C. M. (2011). In Financial accounting theory. 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